Variable-speed transmission



July 18, 1950 c. w. LANPHERE VARIABLE SPEED TRANSMISSION Filed Sept. 25, 1947 izmh 4s? Patented July 18, V 1950 UNIT-ED STATES PATIIN'IIv 4OFFICE vARIABLEg-tsrii'lnn TRANSMISSION Clive Lanphere, New York, NL Y. Application september 25, 194.7,y serial No. 776,021 y The present invention (which embodies somestructures shown in my Patent 2,379,808) relatesl to afmot'or car, speed controlledk planetary gear. transmission for automatically varying the speed` ratio of the motor shaft and car propeller shaft with a continuous engagement of gears in anun-A47 derdrive unit during the change from'a minimum low speed to a direct drive, and continuous mesll-i` ing gears in an overdrive unit during the change from a direct drive to an overdrive.

One object of my invention is to' provide'a plu-V rality of planetary gear mechanisms, one anunderdrive unit and the other an overdrive unit.,

Another object is to provide resilientmeans for normally holding the brake band on the unn derdrive unit in braking position on ating orbit gear.

A further object is to provide resilient' means brake band a for normally holding the overdrive free from its cooperating orbit gear.y

Astill further object is to incorporate aplu rality ofcentrifugal means also termed governors for gradually setting and releasing brake bands as the case may be, there being'one governor foreach planetary unit.

vOne feature is to provide overrunnin'g clutch means for each planetary unit for rotating the4 drive shaft (main shaft) in direct drive when the planet gears and cooperating orbit gears ren volve as a unit and for rotating the drive shaft at less speed or at faster speed than'the motor shaft, depending on which planetary unit is 'so functioning. l

VAnother feature is to incorporate a fluidcoul pling of any suitable design for connecting the vengine or motor shaft with the section of the main shaft that carries a planet gear spider,` this coupling allowing slippage between these shaftsl when the motor idles and the car stands still.

A further feature is to provide an overrunning clutch means that functions man opposite manner to those in the planetary units, this feature connecting the car propeller shaft with the fluid clutch shaft when the former shaft rotates faster than the clutchshaft as when the car is coasting,`

and the motor idling, thus providing positive its cooper?k 5 Claims. (Cl. 741-4752) ing the connecting means between the transmis` *sion andrear axle the transmission could be holding means for checking movement of the car.`

Another feature is to provide means for'hold'- ing the car when parked on a grade to offset the slippage in the fluid coupling which occurs when' this coupling is not rotating at the necessary speed to produce a coupling effect.

These and other features will be more fully un' i derstood by reference to the drawings inwhichfl Figure lis a diagrammatic plan view of the transmission from above and from the right side with somey of the elements shown in cross section to more clearly indicate them. It discloses a motor shaft, a fluid coupling, a main shaft comprising several sections, planetary gear units, a-

placedatthe rear of the chassis.

FigureZlisa diagrammatic cross sectionof the planetary mechanism showing the gears and cooperating 'parts VFigure'B is al diagrammatic front view of a brake band for the overdriveA gear unit.

Figure 4 is a similar view of a brake band for the underdrive unit.'

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic right sideview of a vacuum control means for delaying speed ratio changes.

Figure Gris cross section of a part of a gavernor taken on line 1 1.

Figure 'l is 'a front view' of a part of a car hold ingmeansji; e. shaft holding means.

As the'drawings are for the most part diagrammatic it is'to' be understood that details of supports, bearings, connections, and al1 structures comprising" this invention can conform to known principles of construction.

Letters WF,`WB, WL, and WR `indicate four Walls of a transmission case. Reference character I0 identifies a motor; l a motor intake mani-' fold; I2 a motor shaft; I5 a section connected tol section l2 by a fluid coupling I6; I'l a section connected to section l5 by a planetary gear means I8; I 9 a section connected to section I1 by a planetary gear unit 2U; and a section 2l termed a propeller shaft connected to and disconnected from section l 9 by a manual sliding clutch y22.

This clutch is splined at 9 on section 2l. Section 2| is supported 'at I3 in section 19. ,A countershaft is identied byl reference character 23. The shaft section l5 carries a gear-.24 rotatable with it, and this gear `meshes with another gear 25 secured to shaft 23. Another gear 26 secured to shaft 23 meshes with a gear l2'l rotatable on a shaft 28. Gear 21 meshes with another gear 29 that is loosely mounted on shaft 2|.

Clutch 22 is provided with toothed members 30 and 3|. Member 3|] meshes with a toothed member 32 secured toshafty i9, and member 3| with a member 33 which is attached to and rotatable with gear 29. A yoke 34 is incorporated for actuating clutch 22. This' yoke `extends from a member 35 slidable in suitable supports and carries a pin 36. An arm 31 rotatable on a xed support 38 is utilized for straddling this pin for actuating member 35 and therewith clutch 22. A slidable bar 39 is provided which is pivotally connectedrby. a link 40 5 to arm 31'and to a manual lever 4I"by`.'a linkE 42-, this lever pivoting on a xed support II. When member 30 engages member 32 the transmission'' is set for forward (automatic) speed operation. When member 3| engages member 33the"1evi' `:ey n functions in reverse. When clutchgZZi is, midway j between these positions thetransmissionAisin neutral. A gear 43 is looselymoufitedon 'shaft' 2|. This gear is provided with an overrunning clutch in its hub, this clutch comprising tapered pockets containing rollers 44 Gear 43;,rneshes, with'fa gear 45 secured toshaftr23'. This Illtc'h functions oppositely tothose in the planetary units. This clutch makes it possiblejfor the4 en?, gine to hold the car when coasting' ontgradi-:sfor,` 2( any time the engine idles,l as th'erollers 4'4ygtakef hold i. e. tie the gear 43 lto shaftZ'I when tlieLDro-l peller shaft. rotates faster than ythe motor shaft,1 For use with the'overdrive unitthis 'overrimning clutch can be designed to allowgearvllvllllto rotate` faster thanv shaft; I2 by properly4 proporti'oni ng thegears.A Figure 2 discloses `the constructionloflthe plana etary units. Any suitable unit may beii'sed,l Two specic types will be described, one'marked s I8, an underdrive device, and another identifiedby ref-A erence character '20, an overdrive mechanism.' Shaft I1 is supported.' at 46 in shaft I5.' anda planet carrier 41 is rigidly securedto .shaft I5., This carrier is provided withL pins" 52andf5r2f` Planet gears and. 52 respectively are ro-u tatably mounted on these pins. Also linounllzed'on' these -pins are gears 5| and 5|. Gear BfI-S'sefA cured to and rotatable with` gear 5 I Gear' 5l secured to and rotatable with gear` 5272i. yAri Ajit, gear 48 is loosely mounted on shaft I1. It lliulblf` is provided with pockets havinga taperwithfv rollers 4S in these pockets, the rollers the periphery of shaft I1. -Any suit'abAlem,clutch'v can be used to servethe purpose of the .nefdeg scribed. Secured to shaftl I1` is a sunfgat'rf', which meshes with planetmgefars 5I"and"5| viously this planetary gear construction rcanubel., varied as deemed best. A brakebarid 53S p I vided having an offset portionf54 lwhich'is k to operating means to be `describedshxr'irtly another offset 54 on this band ist` attached te anysuitable support (support nottshow'n) yseefigurevvv 4. The gear ratios in unit" I8 caribe proportioned l, to drive the propeller shaft 2| atlessspeedtha the motor shaft I2 when brake band 543 ,is-hold? l ing orbit gear 48 in non-rotatable position.` Shafty I9 is supported at 55 in shaft |1'.' ThellatterV shaft is provided with a carrier memberI 51that l` is secured to it and'rotatabletherewithl VThis'gO carrier is provided with pins I4 and AI4 ion which Y planet gears 58 and 60 respectively arerotatably, mounted. A sun gear 6| is secured totshalft `Iii,` l this gear meshing with 'planet gears' 58nandl).I An orbit gear 62 similarto lorbit 'gear48n i,sloosef ly mounted on shaft I9. ,The hub of 'gearv |2 -iS` .Y provided with tapered pockets. containing ljolleljlsmA 59. Gears 58 and 60 mesh with gear62. Aband;v 63 is provided to cooperate .with ,g`ear,k6u2l..k

band has an offset 64 .which is linked tohoperatirllgfgo means to be described later."Anotherroffsetkh for attachment to any suitableiined suppgrtg Soooort`oot Shown). io also provided toholohono. G3 in rigid position, at thiorooirlt., Aotooioo moons fontho'oonosiwilltoow oooosoriloeoi piti.

4 set 54 on band 53, unit I8 is connected by a spring to offset 54'. This spring normally holds band 53 in braking position on gear 48. Offset 54 is connected to a slide member 12 by a link 1I by anyy suitable flexible connection indicated at 13. Member 12'at 1461s attached to a slidable sleeve 15. Slide member 12 is provided with a disc member 16, and sleeve also has a disc shaped member 11. Between these discs is disposed a collar 18 loosely mounted and rotatable on sleeve 15; Between this collar and disc 16 is a thrust bearingI 13, and between disc 11 and collar 18 is another thrust bearing 80. Pivotally connected tocollar 'I8 are governor arms 8| and 80. Pivotally connected to these arms at 6 and 8 are arms 2fand83srespectively, and arms 82and 83vare pivoted to a crossarm 84, thelatter. armlbeing, rigidlyysecuredl to a rotatable shaft 85, Arm-y8`4J- is 'proiidoo with, Stoioforroo 9.6 ,andY Sl to,.blool. ,.tho, outward; swing of arms 82 yandh83 respectivel y. Springs 9,8 andf99respectivelyare utilized .tourga arrns ,82 and 83 toward shaft 85. This. shaft is. Supportodby oor., Suitable moans. filtranti.V 8.1 this shaft being. disposed insidesleeve l1,5.:1-.lbev-4 eied genas fastened-.to Shaft Bimenes-witloof., other beveledgearv 89that issecured to arqtatable shaft 90.. Shaft 90 is providedwitha beveled,l gear y,9| that meshes with another beveled geartiZ whicheis'lsecured to a rotatable shaft,93.. A beveledlg'ear 94 on shaft 93 is meshedwith another beveled rgear lon` the propeller kshaftE .y2 I Re?,y

ferring to planetary unit 28,*its brakeffband63 at.'4

itsoffset, 64 is heldfree of itscooperatingorbit gear., 62 by a spring., 64'! Any suitable 4 spring means may be rused-tooserlve thapurpose,ofqthis'fi spring.A A slide member SGA'haVingQai-iy suitable flexible..connectiony 91 to band offset 6ft-is aty tached at 98 to aslidablesleeve Y |00..l 'Slide jmemg-v ber '981 is provided with'a disc shaped-portion IIlIL- Sleeve |00 carries a disc, shapedjmembertfv. |02.: Between discs IULand I02.isa collar |03 rotatableon sleeve I 00..;B'etween this collar. and.: disc IOI is disposedathrlust bearinlg|04i and an? other. thrust bearing I05..is ,disposed between Vdis/cl |02 .and collar. |03'. GovernQr-arms OG ,and [I 01, J. are ypivotally `connected .to v, collar. I 03,.. Another pair of armsY |085-and lgiare pivotally connected d to arms |06 and |01 at 4 and 5 respectively.,. Arms secured ,te a rentableShaft1 lov/nich ,isldisposeqp inside sileevelll, this shaft being'suitablylsup- Y' pqrted at Ilz and H3.. stopdarmsof. and 912'.. arel 4provided for. blocking .the movement. ofarrns A. |08'a`nd |019 respectively; Springs 88 andare,

surfacel I`I6.f,A slide member I I 1 carryingaroll@ erQII` isiusedfor contacting lsurface. I I6,r A.lever suitable 'support is connected lto'irler'nlie1- VI I1 y linksv |20 and |2I., A' link Il22connec'|.s leverIII)y to; o. pistou' rod. |23 (Soo Eeoroolond. 5) ino.. fluidmotori. e. pneumatic .cylinder I24. This cylinder ,is .foormoctod "oo, 'obo motor. ntakema fom lpbyahtube |59. vA pister; 26pm realza ufgeol.;to tho .loftos viow.ed, by a spuma-1.25a- Whlo, ,this oyliodor is ,Shown inside thotransmisoioooaitooo o,f.. oo.uroibo,disposed:cmtsiolotlilo;l

caseifj. desired.q. If,dispos,edinside the` case a port |211.V may be yprmfided with al `tube connection to the atmosphere .(this vtube `not shown in the drawing)` said4 tube passing through the case wall. Thisdelaying mechanism functions `in accordance with the vacuum pressures in the intake` manifold. .'Whenthe-car load is `heavier or the caris ascending a\ grade; `and more fuel is fed to the` engine, the, manifold vacuum pressure decreases whereuponthe spring y| urges the piston, |26 to the left-as viewed which swings lever ||9. in the samedirectiony This lever by means of `its link connection ztoslide member ||1 urges theroller |I8 into theI .pathof surface ||5 thus blocking movementzof .member 12 in proportion to the load onythemotor. When the engine speedsup andthe .vacuumpressure increases, the piston |26 `moves tothe right asthe suction overn comesthe ,pressure of spring |25. :This withdraws ro1ler||8 from Lthe path of surface H3, and the governor Apulls member12 and therewith band 5,3 to its free position whereupon unit I8. functions in direct drive..

.Manual means for holding the car when Iparked onna grade will now be described. The propeller shaft4 2|, isprovidedwitha squared notch |26'. If-.preferreda squared collar could be rigidly secured yto this shaft in. place ofthe notch. A slide bar y.| 21is incorporated inthe device and` has a recess (in which a` latchrboltq|29 is disposed. A pair ofrollers |28 and |30 are-pivotally mounted on this bolt. .A spring |3| isgprovided to urge this;.b,olt.into:projected position, i. e. towards shaft 2| A. link |32 is vusedto pivotally connect bar |21 with a bell-crank |33 that is pivoted at |5|..,Another link |34 pivotally connects this bellecrank to another slidebar |35, and this bar isconnected Ato a lever .or handle |36 by a link |31. Lever |3|iis. pivoted on a fixed support |35. A cover, -not shown, can be provided to -enclose the latch l29;and spring@ |3|. A pedal |30 plvotedon a xed support |40 isconnected to handle lever |36 by a link |.4|.` A roller on this pedal is indicatedwat m2,.. this roller serving to actuate the' motor starterpedal, details of which will be outlined shortly.

y Operation .of holding means To lock the shaft 2| against rotation lever handle |36f'is' moved to the leftas viewed which moves the slide bar |35 to the right. This causes the ,bell-crank |33 to rotate counterclockwise whichurges slide bar |21 towards shaft 2|. If thesquaredsections of the notch |25' is in proper angular relationship with `the rollers |28 and von. thegbolt v|29 these rollers move across it which prevents shaft 2| rotating as each roller is on; the oppositeside of a perpendicular line passingf through Vthis shaft. vIf the notch is not in such relationship when lever |35 is actuated, and the bolt strikes shaft 2| the spring |3| allows the bolt` |29 tobe pushed into the bar |21, but as soon asthe car moves slightly and shaft 2| rotates, the spring |3| will project the bolt and its rollers across and into the notch |26 on shaft 2|, thereby holding this shaft in fixed position. When Starting yth-e motor, the `pedal |39 is actuated which throughroller |42 operates the starter pedal and simultaneously by -means of its link connection to bar |35 moves the bolt out of the path` of shaft 2|, thus preventing car starting with this shaft in locked condition.

' Operation of transmission 6. motor increases its speed of rotation with the fluid clutch I6 decreasing in its slippage with increased rotation. A manual clutch (not shown) of conventional design could be substituted for the coupling I5 but would require manual `operation when the car comes to a stop. With clutch 22 set for forward driving and `fluid coupling i6 driving shaft l5, carrier 41 rotates clockwise with its planet gears rotating counter.- clockwise as they travel around the inside of orbit gear 48. These planet gears rotate the sunl gear 50 clockwise which drives shaft |1 with it. At this time the band 63 on orbit gear 62 is loose with the planetary unit 20 operating in direct drive, due to the pull of this gear G2 on the shaft |0 because this gear has moved to the position whereby its tapered pockets bind on rollers 59 thus locking shafts |1 and. |9 together. creased car speed the governor A will in accordance with this speed by means of its arms which swing outward, pull the brake band 53 away from orbit gear 48. This progressively releasesv gear 58 and it takes on a condition of slippage between itself and this band, this slippage increasing `with increased car speed until this gear forms a direct drive by means of the rollers 49, these rollers.

locking shafts |5 and |1 together duev to the tapered pockets in the hub of gear 48 binding on these rollers. During this slippage the motor always drives the shaft 2| through the combined operations of the orbit gear 48, planet gears. 'on carrier 41, and the sun gear 50. When the car slows down the governor A slows down in itsrotation` progressively which progressively allows the band 53 to progressively stop rotation of orbit gear 50, which when fully stopped sets unit |8 for minimum low speed operation. `When this unit functions in direct driveand the car has attained the predetermined speed for the gov ernor B to progressively set the lband E3', orbit gear 62 will progressively slow down in its rotation until the band stops its rotation completely whereupon the unit 20 will function atthe maximum overdrive speed. When the car slows down the governor B will progressively loosen the band 63 until gear 62 sets up a direct drive.

This transmission is a speed changing mechanism of continuous variability between minimum low speed and direct drive, and between -direct drive and maximum overdrive. If properly proportioned it has continuous variability in speed from minimum low to maximum high with the use of only two gear units. If the overdrive unit is eliminated, only one planetary unit is required for continuous variable speed from low to direct drive, thus providing a very simple transmission.

From the foregoing it will be seen that while a preferred embodiment of this invention has been disclosed, it is not desired to restrict the details to the exact construction shown, it being obvious that changes not involving invention may be made without conflicting withthe spirit of the invention and the scope of the claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a speed changing mechanism, speed changing means including in combination a single planetary unit comprising in combination a planet carrier having cooperative planet gears thereon arranged in coacting pairs, each pair havi ing gears of different diameters, one being larger and one smaller that rotate simultaneously as a single unit, said gears being rigidly secured to each other,` a sun gear, and an orbit gear having a' circumferential surface, said gears functioning With in-` 7 incorelatedaspeedf ratios,v drivingmeans for4 said` unit, saidaplane-ticarrienssecuredrto andfrfotatablewith said s drivingvmeans, driverr4 means actuatedby,l said unit, said s-unagear. securedzto andfrotate able withi said ,fdrivenel means, .said larger.: planet gearscooperating Withisaidforbitigear, said-smallerplanet gearf cooperating iwithsaid .sun` gear, .said driving means-i ,aridi saidldriven.-y y,means '..having variablerfrelative speeds, said a unit .varying these speeds, control meanscomprising-in combination braking means cooperating with .saidcircumfersv entialrsurface, formchanging` saidy speed' ratios thereby. changing the relative speedsoi .said,driving Ameans and saidadriven means; movable'means connected -to andfor.z.actuating; said'. braking. means'pivotalpmeans for vactuating said, movable. means;` .operatingffmeans .comprising a plurality or: partsfor actuating. said pivotal. means,I actuaA atingxmeans'for actuating` said operating means; and .rigidly iiXed immovable :supporting means'. for.y saidiactuating means;

2. In `a speedJ changing mechanism-, V speed changing meansdncluding in combination av single planetary unit; comprising *iny combination a planet carrier4 havingzcooperative planet gears thereon arranged incoactingpairs each pair havingrgears :of diierent diameters one -being larger and onesmaller. thatrotate simultaneously fas a. single unit, saidrgears.,being"rigidly securedtto eachfothen a sungearf, and an orbitigearihavingi a circumferential surface, sa;ld..gearsfunctioning; in .corelated :speed: ratios, driving: means for.` said unit', Vsaid .planet carrier-securedcto 'androtatabla With said'. driving; means, driven means actuated.v

bysaid unit, said sun gear secured .to and rotate able withA said driven means, saidy larger planet gearcooperating..witlisaid orbit gear, and said smaller planetfxgear` cooperatingwith said. sun.

gear, said drivingv means and. saidr driven means' havingunequal: andsimilar speeds, said unit varyl ingy these speeds, control means '.comprisingain combinationza. brake band cooperating?withzsaid circumferential surface. .'or changing;A saidy speed ratios. thereby. changing. .the speeds; of; said-.drivingmeans andsaid'driven meansfromunequalitow similar speeds,i.movable meansconnected rto;and for. actuatingfsaid brake band; pivotalimeans. for actuating: said movable; means.; rotary 'means fior actuating said pivotalmeans, andvmeansundetaohablyconnected'to andfor vactuatingsaid-ro+` tary means.

3; In' a speed' changing ymechanism, speedY changing.. means'including in i combination a sin-v eachother,- a sungear, and an orbit gearhaving: a, circumferential.surface, said gears function-- ingrin corelatedspeed ratios, driving means for.y

said; unit, said planet carrier securedto and..ro.

tatable with saiddrivingmeans, drivenmeans actuated by said unit, said sun gear secured to .and rotatable. with said driven means, said larger planet gear cooperating `with said orbit gear, and

said-smaller, planetgear cooperating with said. sun. gear, said .driving .means and: said driven means having similar speeds andzunequalspeeds,

saidunit varying these speeds, control -means comprising in combination a brake band. cooperating with said circumferential surface fon changing,saidspeedratios thereby changing the speeds of saiddriving means and said .drivenf lin 8. means from-f similar: to I-unequatx speeds," movable means connected to andifor-'actuatingisaidbbrale band, pivotal means forfactuating-'saidf movable means, linkage forf actuating said'pivotalmeans.

, andmeans:undetachablyconnected toandifbr-factuating said linkagex l 4. In a speed 'changing1 mechanism-,fspeedf changing means including in combination' a sin-1 gle planetary unit comprising inrcombinationfa planet.- carrier having: cooperative"planetfiigearsl' thereon iarrangedin coacting pairs, eachl'pairl having` gears of differenti-diameters, one being larger and yone smaller that Irotate simultaneous'- ly as' a single unit, saidgears being rigidlysecured to eachother; a sun'gear, and-#anorbit gear-'haven ing a circumferential-isurface, fsaid gearsffunc' tioningv in corelatedy speed ratios, drivingmeans for said unit, said/planet carrier secured toandfv rotatable with said drivingi means, drivenI means actuated by4 said:l unit,'said sun gearsecUred-to and rotatable Withisaid drivenlfmeans, said-largerA planet `gear cooperating with said 'orbit gear,- said` smaller planet gear cooperating'with# said-lsun gear, said driving meansandsaid/drivenfmeans having variable relative speedsrsaifd'unitwary ing these speeds; contro1' meansfcomprisinglrin combination a brakeba'nd cooperating'vvvithfsaid` circumferential. surface fon changing:isaidspeedfl ratiosy thereby changing the relative speeds 'ofj said driving means and'f-saidfdrivenfme'ans, mov-2l able means connectedlto andforactuatingsaid brake bandypiv'otal means: for .factuatingl'saidmovable means; linkage for` actuatingv saidpiv otal means, and `meansundet'achably'connected* tovand for actuating said'linkage.'

5. In a speed changng'mechanism'.--planetary speed changingvv means 1 includingA in combinationa a sun gear, planet gears: andan orbltr'gearfbrakiing means for said lorbit gear, 1 actuating" means2 for said braking means, meansmovableinto"`andout of path of movement'of said actuatingmeansf for checking said 'actuating'meansyand' pneu; matic means for actuating.saidcheckingr-meansfl CLIVEIW;v

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